Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of unsatisfactory dental restorations on posterior primary teeth and associated factors in school children aged six to ten years. A cross-sectional study was conducted with children randomly selected from public schools in a small Brazilian town. Questionnaires were sent to the guardians addressing socioeconomic and behavioral aspects of the child. Oral examinations were performed at the schools to determine the quality of dental restorations, visible biofilm, and presence of moderate/extensive untreated caries (scores 3-6 ICDAS). This examination was performed by two previously trained and calibrated examiners. Associations were tested using multilevel logistic regression. Among the 400 children evaluated, 98 had restorations (217 teeth). The prevalence of unsatisfactory restorations was 34.6%. Restorations in amalgam were less likely to fail compared to those in glass ionomer cement (OR = 0.11; 95%CI: 0.02–0.49; p = 0.005). Children with moderate/extensive untreated caries were more likely to have unsatisfactory restorations (OR = 6.79; 95%CI: 2.20–20.93; p = 0.001). Children with a visible plaque index ≥ 20% were also more likely to have unsatisfactory restorations (OR = 2.28 95%CI: 1.05–4.92; p = 0.036). The prevalence of unsatisfactory restorations was high. The occurrence of this outcome was associated with restorative material, presence of caries, and visible plaque.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da temperatura e luz na germinação de sementes de assa-peixe (Vernonia polyanthes Less.). Para tanto foram testadas seis temperaturas constantes (15, 20, 25, 30, 35 e 40°C) e quatro combinações de temperaturas alternadas (15-20, 15-25, 20-30 e 20-35°C) na presença e ausência de luz, a qual foi fornecida durante os períodos de temperaturas mais altas, quando avaliada a alternância. As variáveis avaliadas foram: teor de água, germinação e vigor (primeira contagem e velocidade de germinação). O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado e os resultados foram submetidos à análise da variância, com as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Sementes da espécie V. polyanthes são fotoblásticas preferenciais, com germinação favorecida pela presença de luz, mas as maiores porcentagens de germinação e níveis de vigor dessas sementes foram obtidas em temperaturas de 25°C constante e de 15-25°C alternada, na presença de luz.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of temperature and light on germination of Vernonia polyanthes Less. seeds. Therefore were tested six constant temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40°C), and four combinations of alternating temperatures (15-20, 15-25, 20-30 and 20-35°C) in the presence and absence, which was provided during periods of higher temperatures, when evaluating the rotation. The variables evaluated were: degree of moisture, germination and vigor (first count of germination and speed of germination). The completely random design was used and the results were submitted to analysis of variance with means compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. Seeds of the Vernonia polyanthes species are preferential photoblastic with germination favored in the presence of light. The highest percentage of germination and seed vigor levels of the seeds of V. polyanthes were obtained in temperatures of 25°C constant and alternating 15-25°C in the presence of light.

São denominadas "Sempre-vivas" diversas plantas da família Eriocaulaceae, nativas dos campos rupestres de Minas Gerais e da Bahia, sendo utilizados seus capítulos e escapos para fins de decoração. Dentre as espécies exploradas comercialmente, destaca-se a Syngonanthus elegans (Bong) Ruhland, conhecida como sempre-viva pé-de-ouro e, por tal motivo, é uma das espécies com maior perigo de extinção. O objetivo nesta pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito da época de colheita, da irrigação e da permanência de sementes em solo seco no desenvolvimento inicial de plântulas de sempre-viva (Syngonanthus elegans (Bong.) Ruhland). Capítulos de S. elegans foram colhidos manualmente em seis épocas (20/05/06, 21/06/06, 28/07/06, 29/08/06, 20/09/06 e 20/10/06) em local de ocorrência natural dentro do Campus II da UFVJM em um Neossolo Quartzarênico Hidromórfico típico e, posteriormente, submetidos a testes para avaliação do vigor e da germinação das sementes (Experimento 1). As sementes de cada época de colheita foram semeadas superficialmente em copos plásticos (um capítulo em cada copo), contendo o solo original e irrigadas com água destilada todos os dias e a cada dois dias, quatro dias, seis dias e oito dias, por um período de sessenta dias. Fez-se a contagem das plântulas emergidas em cada copo aos quarenta e sessenta dias do início da semeadura (Experimento 2). Sementes colhidas em 21/06/06 também foram semeadas superficialmente em copos plásticos (um capítulo em cada copo) em solo seco, permanecendo por trinta dias, sessenta dias e noventa dias nesta condição e, após, irrigados todos os dias. Procedeu-se a contagem das plântulas emergidas em cada copo aos quarenta e sessenta dias do início da irrigação (Experimento 3). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado (IC), para os Experimentos 1 e 3 e IC no esquema fatorial 5 x 6 (períodos de irrigação x épocas de colheita) para o Experimento 2, com seis repetições. A melhor qualidade fisiológica de sementes de S. elegans foi obtida nas colheitas realizadas em 28/07/06 e 29/08/06. Intervalos de irrigação de dois ou mais dias afetaram negativamente a emergência das plântulas de S. elegans. A permanência por noventa dias em solo seco melhorou a qualidade fisiológica das sementes.

Star-flowers are as several plants of the Eriocaulaceae family, native of the fields rupestres of Minas Gerais and of Bahia, being used their capitulum and escape for decoration ends. Among the species explored commercially, she stands out the Syngonanthus elegans (Bong) Ruhland, known as star-flower foot-of-gold and, for such a reason, it is one of the species with larger extinction danger. The objective in this research was to evaluate the effect of the crop time, of the irrigation and dry soil seeds permanence in the initial development of Syngonanthus elegans (Bong.) Ruhland). . Capitulum of S. elegans were picked manually in six times (20/05/06, 21/06/06, 28/07/06, 29/08/06, 20/09/06 and 20/10/06) in place of natural occurrence inside of the Campus II of UFVJM in a Neossolo Quartzarênico Hidromórfico típico and, later, were submitted to vigor and germination tests (Experiment 1). The seeds of each crop time were sowed superficially in plastic glasses (one chapter in each glass), containing the original soil and irrigated with distilled water everyday, every two day, four days, six days and eight days, for a period of sixty days. It was made the counting of the emerged plants in each glass to the forty and sixty days of the beginning of the sowing (Experiment 2). Seeds picked in 21/06/06 were sowed also superficially in plastic glasses (one capitulo in each glass) in dry soil, staying for thirty days, sixty days and ninety days in this condition and, after, irrigated everyday. It was made the counting of the emerged plants in each glass to the forty and sixty days of the beginning of the irrigation (Experiment 3). Used a entirely randomized design for the Experiments 1 and 3 and entirely randomized design in the factorial outline 5 x 6 (irrigation periods x crop times) for the Experiment 2, with six repetitions. The best physiological quality seeds of S. elegans was obtained in the crops accomplished in 28/07/06 and 29/08/06. Intervals of irrigation of two or more days affected the emergency of the plants of S. elegans negatively. The permanence for ninety days in dry soil improved the physiological quality seeds.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade fisiológica de sementes da sempre-viva (Syngonanthus elegans (Bong.) Ruhland) colhidas em diferentes épocas e locais e submetidas ao armazenamento. Capítulos de S. elegans foram colhidos em duas áreas de ocorrência natural no Campus II da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, em Diamantina, MG, em um Neossolo Quartzarênico Órtico típico (local 1) e Neossolo Quartzarênico Hidromórfico típico (local 2), em cinco épocas (04/07/05, 19/07/05, 22/08/05, 21/09/05 e 20/10/05) e, posteriormente, submetidos a testes para avaliação do vigor e da germinação da semente (Experimento 1). Os capítulos colhidos em 04/07/05 (locais 1 e 2) foram acondicionados em sacos de polietileno transparente e armazenados no Laboratório de Sementes em temperatura ambiente (20º±2ºC) ou em geladeira (5º±2ºC), por zero, quatro, oito e 12 meses. Após esses períodos, as sementes foram novamente avaliadas quanto ao vigor e à germinação (Experimento 2). O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, no esquema fatorial 5x2 (época x local de colheita) para o Experimento 1; e o esquema fatorial 4x2x2 (armazenamento x local de colheita x temperatura de armazenamento) para o Experimento 2, com quatro repetições. A qualidade fisiológica da semente de S. elegans variou em função da época e do local de colheita. Durante o armazenamento, o vigor e a germinação não variaram com o local de colheita e a temperatura de armazenamento. O armazenamento por 12 meses em geladeira ou temperatura ambiente melhorou a qualidade fisiológica da semente.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological quality of star-flower (Syngonanthus elegans (Bong.) Ruhland) seeds produced at different locations, harvested at different times and then stored under different conditions and for different periods of time. Capitula of S. elegans were colected in two areas of star-flowers plants natural occurrence on the Campus II of the Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, in Diamantina, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, in a typical Orthic Quartzarenicenic Neossoil (location 1) and a typical Hydromorphic Quartzarenic Neossoil (location 2) at 07/04/05, 07/19/05, 08/22/05, 09/21/05, and 10/20/05) and later submitted to germination and vigor tests (Experiment 1). The capitula taken on 07/04/05 (locations 1 and 2) were placed in transparent polyethylene bags and stored either in a seed laboratory at room temperature (20±2ºC) or in a refrigerator (5±2ºC), for zero, four, eight, and 12 months. After these periods, the seeds were evaluated again for germination and vigor (Experiment 2). A completely random design in a 2x5 factorial was used (harvest time and production location) for Experiment 1; and a 4x2x2 factorial scheme (storage time x location x storage temperature) for Experiment 2, with four replications. The physiological quality of S. elegans seeds varied in function of time and location of production. During storage, germination and vigor did not vary with production location and storage temperature. Storage for 12 months in a refrigerator or at room temperature resulted in higher percentages of normally germinating seeds.